Tax Residency Matrix
A country-by-country reference for tax residency triggers, income scope, and special regimes. Most countries apply a 183-day physical presence rule to determine tax residency, though additional tests (habitual abode, centre of vital interests) often apply. This table reflects the primary rule only — consult a qualified tax adviser before relying on any entry.
| Country | Day-Count Trigger | Worldwide Income? | Territorial? | Special Regime | Totalization w/ US? | Totalization w/ UK? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Low-tax regime with personal income tax capped at 10%, no wealth tax, and no inheritance tax between direct-line family. Passive-residency programme available for HNWIs. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Belgium operates the New Expat Tax Regime (introduced January 2022, replacing the previous Special Tax Regime for expatriates). 30% of gross remuneration tax-free for 5 years (extendable by 3) for foreign hires meeting income (€75k+) and recruitment criteria. | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | The Qualified Retired Persons (QRP) program grants permanent residency to qualifying retirees aged 45+ with a minimum monthly income of USD 2,000 from abroad, exempting all foreign-sourced income and imported personal effects from local tax. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Bulgaria operates a 10% flat personal income tax — among the lowest in the EU. Combined with Schengen membership (full from January 2025) and a low cost of living, Bulgaria is a tax-favourable EU base. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Researcher and key-employee scheme: 27% flat income tax (plus 8% labour-market contribution) for up to 7 years for foreign researchers / employees earning above DKK 78,000/month. | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A (citizenship) | Citizens only | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Foreign-key-employee tax regime: 32% flat income tax for up to 84 months for high-earner foreign hires earning above €5,800/month. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | Georgia's Virtual Zone status allows IT companies to pay 0% corporate tax on foreign-sourced revenue. Individual small business owners earning under 500,000 GEL can benefit from a flat 1% turnover tax under the Small Business Status scheme. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Greece offers a flat €100,000 annual tax on foreign-source income for high-net-worth individuals, and a 7% flat rate on all foreign pension income for retirees relocating to Greece. | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | New-immigrant (oleh) tax exemption: 10 years of full exemption on foreign-source income and capital gains for individuals who make Aliyah and become Israeli tax residents. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Italy's Regime dei Neo-Residenti offers new tax residents a flat annual substitute tax on all foreign-source income regardless of amount, valid for up to 15 years. The charge depends on when residence is transferred: €300,000/year from 1 January 2026 (Budget Law 2026), €200,000/year for 10 August 2024–31 December 2025, and €100,000/year before 10 August 2024 — each grandfathered for the life of the election. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Remittance only | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Mauritius operates a 15% flat personal income tax (10% Solidarity Levy on income above MUR 3M brings effective rate to 25% for high earners). The Premium Visa holder regime exempts foreign-source income from Mauritian tax for the duration of the visa. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Montenegro operates progressive personal income tax up to 15%, among the lowest in Europe. Corporate tax 9-15%. The country uses the euro as its de facto currency. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | The 30% Ruling allows qualifying highly skilled migrants to receive 30% of their gross salary tax-free for up to 5 years, significantly reducing the effective income tax burden. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | New Zealand's Transitional Resident category exempts most foreign-source income from New Zealand tax for the first 48 months of residency, providing a temporary territorial tax window for new immigrants. | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | North Macedonia operates a 10% flat personal income tax. The 2024 amendment introduced a 15% rate on capital gains for non-residents. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | The NHR 2.0 (IFICI) regime offers a 20% flat tax on Portuguese-source income and exemptions on foreign income for 10 years for new tax residents in qualifying professions. | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Romania operates a 10% flat personal income tax. The IT-sector exemption (10-year income-tax exemption for software engineers, recently narrowed) was significantly scaled back in 2024 but partially retained for senior developers earning above defined thresholds. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Serbia operates a 10% flat personal income tax — among the lowest in Europe. The 2025 IT-sector regime offers reduced social-security contributions for software professionals. | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | The Beckham Law provides a flat 24% tax rate on Spanish-source employment income for up to 6 years, available to foreign workers and digital nomads who become Spanish tax residents. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Expert tax relief regime: 25% income-tax reduction for highly-qualified foreign workers earning above SEK 114,600/month for 7 years (raised from 5 in 2024). | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | Lump-sum taxation (forfait fiscal) available in most cantons to wealthy non-working foreigners — agreed annual amount based on living expenses, replaces regular income tax assessment. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | Yes | Foreign Special Professional regime under the Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals: 50% income-tax exemption on the portion of annual salary exceeding NT$3 million for the first 5 years. | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Remittance only | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A (citizenship) | Citizens only | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| N/A | No | Yes | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — | |
| 183 days | Yes | No | — | — | — |
Totalization treaties(US and UK columns) determine whether social security contributions made in one country count toward benefits in the other, preventing double-contributions. This data will be expanded in a future update. — Disclaimer: Tax residency rules change frequently. This table is a reference starting point only. Always verify with current official government sources and consult a qualified cross-border tax professional before making decisions.