Skip to main content
AE flag

United Arab Emirates

ARE

The United Arab Emirates is a Gulf federation built around Dubai and Abu Dhabi, notable for having no personal income tax at all, making it one of the most tax-efficient bases available regardless of income source. The economy has diversified well beyond oil into trade, finance, tourism, and logistics.

Immigration centres on long-term residence rather than citizenship: the Golden Visa is the primary route for HNWIs and skilled professionals, alongside a Virtual Working visa, a Dubai Freelance permit, and a Green Visa for workers outside the sponsorship system. Naturalisation is nominally 30 years and highly discretionary, so citizenship is effectively unattainable for most expatriates; dual citizenship is not permitted, so residents should expect renewable visas rather than a passport.

The UAE's own passport ranks 15th globally with visa-free access to 178 destinations. English proficiency is solid (rank 22) and functions as the business language. Healthcare (index 72) is good, particularly private care, and the cost of living (index 65) is moderate-to-high; banks have tightened KYC and source-of-funds requirements for new accounts.

Naturalisation
30 years
Tax system
No Income Tax
Currency
UAE Dirham (AED)
Dual citizenship
Not allowed
Capital
Abu Dhabi
Region
middle east
Population
9,890,000
Cost-of-living
65 /100
→ If you hold a United Arab Emirates passport, see the United Arab Emirates nationality guide

Passport Rank

#15

Visa-Free

178

destinations

Visa-free travel

A United Arab Emirates passport has visa-free access to 166 destinations. See the full United Arab Emirates passport breakdown →

Passports that enter United Arab Emirates without a prior visa (91)

Visa-free, visa on arrival, or on an eTA.

Community-sourced (passport-index, synced 2026-08-18) — verify with the embassy before travel.

Country Details

Capital
Abu Dhabi
Currency
UAE Dirham (AED)
Languages
Arabic, English
Population
9,890,000
Tax System
No Income Tax
Dual Citizenship
Not allowed
Naturalisation
30 years
Schengen / EU
No
Climate
Desert
English Proficiency Rank
#22

Indices

Cost of Living

65

Safety

84

Healthcare

72

Quality of Life

180

Tax Summary

Tax System
No Income Tax
Territorial Taxation
No — worldwide income taxed for residents
Naturalisation
30 years of legal residency
Dual Citizenship
Not allowed

Cost of Living by City

← scroll the table →

Monthly cost of living per major city in USD: rent, groceries, utilities, transit pass
CityRent 1BR centreRent outsideGroceriesUtilitiesTransit pass
Dubai$2,800$1,800$420$200$70
Abu Dhabi$2,500$1,600$400$190$60
Sharjah$1,400$900$360$160$50

Monthly USD figures. Typical central 1-bedroom rent, grocery basket for one, household utilities, monthly transit pass.

Climate

Dubai

19°J
21°F
24°M
28°A
33°M
36°J
39°J
40°A
37°S
33°O
27°N
21°D

Rainfall range: 020 mm/month · Daylight 10h (winter) to 14h (summer)

Abu Dhabi

20°J
21°F
25°M
29°A
34°M
37°J
39°J
40°A
37°S
33°O
27°N
22°D

Rainfall range: 017 mm/month · Daylight 10h (winter) to 14h (summer)

Sharjah

19°J
21°F
25°M
29°A
34°M
37°J
39°J
40°A
37°S
33°O
27°N
21°D

Rainfall range: 018 mm/month · Daylight 10h (winter) to 14h (summer)

Visa Categories & Immigration Authority

Major Visa Categories

  • Tourist 30-Day Visa
  • Tourist 60-Day Visa
  • Visit Visa
  • Employment Residence Visa
  • Investor Residence Visa
  • Golden Visa (10-Year)
  • Green Visa (5-Year)
  • Retirement Visa
  • Student Visa
  • Freelance Visa
  • Family Sponsorship Visa
  • Virtual Work Visa
Authority
Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs & Port Security
Official Portal
icp.gov.ae
Phone
+971-600-522222
Email
info@icp.gov.ae

Naturalisation Details

Residence Years
30
Language Test
No
Civic Test
No
Oath Required
Yes
Dual Allowed
Yes
Fee
$0
Processing
~36 months

Real Estate

Avg price/sqm (capital)
$4,500
Transaction taxes
4%

Foreign buyers: Foreigners may purchase freehold in designated freehold zones (e.g. Dubai Marina, Palm Jumeirah, Downtown Dubai). Outside these zones, leasehold up to 99 years is available. No income tax. 9% corporate tax introduced June 2023 on profits above AED 375,000. Dubai property typically AED 13,000–20,000/sqm (~$3,500–$5,500/sqm).

International Schools

← scroll the table →

International schools by city, curriculum, and annual tuition
SchoolCityCurriculumTuition (USD/yr)
Dubai American AcademyDubaiAmerican$16,000–$28,000
GEMS World Academy DubaiDubaiIB$18,000–$32,000
Brighton College DubaiDubaiBritish$19,000–$34,000

Daily Life Logistics

Internet

300 Mbps median

95% fibre coverage

eSIM: Etisalat (e&), du

Driving

IDP required

Local licence required after 6 months

Exchange eligible: UK, USA, Canada +5 more

Pet Relocation

Quarantine: none

Rabies titre required

EU pet passport: not accepted

Safety

GPI Rank

#54

Global Peace Index ranking (lower is safer)

Common Risks

  • Taxi meter bypass at Dubai Airport (use Careem/Uber)
  • fake designer goods in Deira souks
  • timeshare presentation traps
  • romance scams targeting expats online

Examples of areas to avoid: Deira backstreets very late night, Al Baraha late night

LGBTQ+ Legal Status

Same-Sex Marriage
Not legal
Civil Partnerships
Not recognised
Anti-Discrimination Law
No
ILGA Rank
#167

Religious Life

Halal Food
Widely available
Kosher Food
Limited
Prayer Facilities
Common

Sample Citizenship Test Questions

Q1. In what year was the United Arab Emirates founded?

Answer: 1971

Source: UAE Ministry of Interior Naturalisation Guidelines

Q2. How many emirates make up the UAE?

Answer: 7

Source: UAE Ministry of Interior Naturalisation Guidelines

Q3. Which emirate serves as the capital of the UAE?

Answer: Abu Dhabi

Source: UAE Ministry of Interior Naturalisation Guidelines

Related Guides

Related on The Citizenship Desk

Cities in United Arab Emirates

Dubai

Dubai has spent two decades marketing itself as the world's most business-friendly city, and for high-net-worth individuals, corporate executives, and entrepreneurs the pitch has real substance. The UAE levies zero personal income tax — no tax on salaries, dividends, capital gains, or rental income for residents — and the country has no wealth tax or inheritance tax. Free zones such as DIFC, DMCC, and Dubai Internet City allow 100% foreign ownership of companies and offer simplified licensing and repatriation of profits, making Dubai a genuine operational hub rather than merely a mailbox jurisdiction. The city has grown at a pace that is physically visible: entire new districts appeared on reclaimed land within a decade, and infrastructure — airports, highways, metro, hospitals — has scaled to match a population that has more than doubled since 2006. That growth has slowed meaningfully since 2022. The post-pandemic property boom brought a surge of Russian and European capital that pushed prime real estate to record highs; transaction volumes and price growth moderated in 2024 and 2025, though the market remains firmly a seller's market in premium segments. Rental costs rose sharply between 2022 and 2024, catching long-term residents off guard, and the overall cost of living — groceries, dining, schooling, healthcare — is materially higher than most of Asia and comparable to mid-tier European capitals once housing is included. The climate is the central trade-off: summers run June through September with temperatures regularly above 40°C and humidity that makes outdoor activity impractical, meaning residents either travel or live air-conditioned lives for a quarter of the year. The winters — October to April — are exceptional: warm, dry, and sunny with temperatures between 20°C and 30°C, and this is when the city is at its most liveable and socially active. Dubai's expat population is among the largest proportionally of any city on earth, exceeding 88% of residents, and the English-language infrastructure is comprehensive: international schools, private hospitals staffed by Western-trained clinicians, and a legal and financial services sector built to serve a transient wealthy population. Arabic is the official language but almost no professional or commercial interaction requires it. The city rewards those who engage on its own terms — pragmatic, fast-moving, commercially oriented — and suits high earners who value tax efficiency, safety, modern infrastructure, and year-round sunshine over cultural depth or deep community roots.

Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is the UAE's political and economic capital and, in most respects, Dubai's quieter, more institutional counterpart. Where Dubai's expat economy skews toward finance, tourism, and commerce, Abu Dhabi's foreign-resident population leans toward government-adjacent, energy, education, and diplomatic roles, anchored by ADNOC, sovereign wealth institutions, and satellite university campuses. The city shares the UAE's federal framework with Dubai — zero personal income tax, the same Golden and Green Visa categories, the same self-sponsored reforms that reduced reliance on the kafala model — but layers a calmer, more formally planned character on top, with a smaller, less transient scene. The Golden Visa's real-estate route (AED 2,000,000+, roughly $544,000) applies equally here, and Abu Dhabi's freehold zones — Saadiyat, Al Reem, Yas, Al Raha Beach — sustain a comparable, less frenetic, market than Dubai's marquee districts. The Green Visa gives skilled employees (AED 15,000/month minimum) and freelancers a five-year self-sponsored option, while the Blue Visa, launched around COP28, offers a niche ten-year route for environmental and sustainability professionals. Unlike Dubai, Abu Dhabi has no metro or tram, making it more car-dependent; Careem and Uber both run freely. The emirate's safety profile is rated favourably, though the same strict conduct laws apply UAE-wide.

Sources & last verified

  • Last verified