Portugal
PRTPortugal's immigration administration was restructured in 2023 with the dissolution of SEF (Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras) and the creation of AIMA (Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo), which now handles residence permits, renewals, and immigration case processing, though it has faced significant backlogs inherited from the SEF transition.
The Golden Visa program was reformed in October 2023 to eliminate real estate acquisition as a qualifying investment route, shifting eligible investment categories toward regulated investment funds, business creation/job creation, scientific research, and cultural heritage contributions. The D7 (passive income) and D8 (digital nomad) visas remain the primary non-investment residency routes and continue to be the most common paths used by remote workers and retirees relocating to Portugal.
- Naturalisation
- 5 years
- Tax system
- Residence Based
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Dual citizenship
- Allowed
- Capital
- Lisbon
- Region
- europe
- Population
- 10,290,000
- Cost-of-living
- 47 /100
Passport Rank
#6
Visa-Free
188
destinations
Visa-free travel
A Portugal passport has visa-free access to 156 destinations. See the full Portugal passport breakdown →
Passports that enter Portugal without a prior visa (91)
Visa-free, visa on arrival, or on an eTA.
Community-sourced (passport-index, synced 2026-08-18) — verify with the embassy before travel.
Country Details
- Capital
- Lisbon
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Languages
- Portuguese
- Population
- 10,290,000
- Tax System
- Residence Based
- Dual Citizenship
- Allowed
- Naturalisation
- 5 years
- Schengen / EU
- Schengen / EU
- Climate
- Mediterranean
- English Proficiency Rank
- #8
The NHR 2.0 (IFICI) regime offers a 20% flat tax on Portuguese-source income and exemptions on foreign income for 10 years for new tax residents in qualifying professions.
Indices
Cost of Living
47
Safety
82
Healthcare
75
Quality of Life
168
Tax Summary
- Tax System
- Residence Based
- Territorial Taxation
- No — worldwide income taxed for residents
- Naturalisation
- 5 years of legal residency
- Dual Citizenship
- Allowed
- Special Tax Regime
- The NHR 2.0 (IFICI) regime offers a 20% flat tax on Portuguese-source income and exemptions on foreign income for 10 years for new tax residents in qualifying professions.
Cost of Living by City
← scroll the table →
| City | Rent 1BR centre | Rent outside | Groceries | Utilities | Transit pass |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lisbon | $1,400 | $950 | $320 | $110 | $45 |
| Porto | $1,050 | $720 | $290 | $100 | $40 |
| Algarve (Faro) | $1,100 | $780 | $300 | $115 | $35 |
Monthly USD figures. Typical central 1-bedroom rent, grocery basket for one, household utilities, monthly transit pass.
Climate
Lisbon
Rainfall range: 3–111 mm/month · Daylight 9h (winter) to 15h (summer)
Porto
Rainfall range: 14–175 mm/month · Daylight 9h (winter) to 15h (summer)
Faro
Rainfall range: 1–82 mm/month · Daylight 9h (winter) to 14h (summer)
Visa Categories & Immigration Authority
Major Visa Categories
- Schengen C
- D7 Passive Income
- D2 Entrepreneur
- D8 Digital Nomad
- Golden Visa
- Tech Visa
- Student
- Job Seeker
- Family Reunification
- Highly Qualified
- Authority
- AIMA (Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo)
- Official Portal
- aima.gov.pt
- Phone
- +351 21 515 8100
- atendimento@aima.gov.pt
Naturalisation Details
- Residence Years
- 5
- Language Test
- Yes (A2)
- Civic Test
- No
- Oath Required
- Yes
- Dual Allowed
- Yes
- Fee
- $250
- Processing
- ~24 months
Real Estate
- Avg price/sqm (capital)
- $5,000
- Transaction taxes
- 8%
Foreign buyers: No restrictions on EU/non-EU buyers; Golden Visa real-estate route closed in urban areas since Oct 2023.
International Schools
← scroll the table →
| School | City | Curriculum | Tuition (USD/yr) |
|---|---|---|---|
| St Julian's School | Carcavelos | British | $12,000–$20,000 |
| Carlucci American International School of Lisbon | Lisbon | American | $15,000–$25,000 |
| Oporto British School | Porto | British | $9,000–$16,000 |
Daily Life Logistics
Internet
150 Mbps median
92% fibre coverage
eSIM: NOS, MEO, Vodafone PT
Driving
IDP not required
Exchange eligible: EU member states, UK, US (some states) +1 more
Pet Relocation
Quarantine: none
Rabies titre not required
EU pet passport: accepted
Safety
GPI Rank
#6
Global Peace Index ranking (lower is safer)
Common Risks
- ⚠ATM skimming in tourist areas
- ⚠taxi overcharging at Lisbon airport
- ⚠pickpocketing on tram 28
Examples of areas to avoid: Martim Moniz late night, Mouraria periphery after midnight
LGBTQ+ Legal Status
- Same-Sex Marriage
- Legal
- Civil Partnerships
- Recognised
- Anti-Discrimination Law
- Yes
- ILGA Rank
- #4
Religious Life
- Halal Food
- Widely available
- Kosher Food
- Widely available
- Prayer Facilities
- Limited
Sample Citizenship Test Questions
Q1. What is the official language of Portugal?
Answer: Portuguese
Source: IRN Naturalisation Guidelines
Q2. In what year did Portugal join the European Union?
Answer: 1986
Source: IRN Naturalisation Guidelines
Q3. What is the name of Portugal's parliament?
Answer: Assembleia da República
Source: IRN Naturalisation Guidelines
Related Guides
Fastest paths to an EU passport in 2025
A sourced comparison of the shortest EU naturalisation timelines, from 2-year descent fast-tracks to 5-year residency routes — plus the hidden requirements that extend them in practice.
Zero and low-tax residencies: the real list
Countries with zero personal income tax, territorial-only taxation, or special expatriate regimes — and what each one actually requires from you to qualify as a resident.
Exit tax: countries that charge you to leave
Country-by-country reference of departure taxes, deemed-disposition rules, and wealth-locking regimes that trigger when tax residency ends.
Related on The Citizenship Desk
Move here
Life logistics
Visa Programs
Portugal D7 Passive Income Visa
Portugal PRT
Processing
2mo
Min. Income
$820/mo
Citizenship
5y
Verified 2026-04-20
Portugal D8 Digital Nomad Visa
Portugal PRT
Processing
2mo
Min. Income
$3,280/mo
Citizenship
5y
Verified 2026-08-04
Portugal Golden Visa (ARI)
Portugal PRT
Processing
6mo
Min. Income
—
Citizenship
5y
Verified 2026-08-04
Portugal HQA Visa (Highly Qualified Activity)
Portugal PRT
Processing
5mo
Min. Income
$26,000/mo
Citizenship
5y
Verified 2026-08-04
Portugal D1 Visa (Subordinate Work / Dependent Employment Visa)
Portugal PRT
Processing
6mo
Min. Income
$11,500/mo
Citizenship
10y
Verified 2026-07-07
Portugal D3 Visa (Highly Qualified Activity Visa)
Portugal PRT
Processing
6mo
Min. Income
$34,000/mo
Citizenship
10y
Verified 2026-07-07
Portugal Family Reunification Visa (D6)
Portugal PRT
Processing
10mo
Min. Income
—
Citizenship
5y
Verified 2026-07-07
Portugal D2 Entrepreneur / Independent Worker Visa
Portugal PRT
Processing
3mo
Min. Income
$820/mo
Citizenship
10y
Verified 2026-07-22
Cities in Portugal
Lisbon
Lisbon has become one of Europe's most sought-after bases for expats and remote workers, and the reasons are not hard to find. The city pairs a genuinely mild Atlantic climate — warm, sunny summers and short, rarely bitter winters — with a cost of living that, while rising sharply since 2019, remains below Paris, Amsterdam, or London. For English-speaking arrivals the language barrier is lower than almost anywhere else in southern Europe: younger Lisboetas and hospitality workers routinely switch to fluent English, and government agencies increasingly offer English-language support channels, though Portuguese remains essential for deeper integration and navigating bureaucracy without a local assistant. The city occupies a series of hillside neighbourhoods — bairros — tumbling down to the wide Tagus estuary, giving it a visual drama unusual among European capitals. Trams, a four-line metro, suburban rail, and a dense bus network cover most of the city, though the steep streets of historic quarters like Alfama are best navigated on foot or by the famous Elétrico 28 tram. Uber and Bolt operate freely and are cheap by northern European standards. Cycling infrastructure is improving but the hills keep it niche outside the flat riverside corridor. The expat and digital-nomad community is large and visible, concentrated in Príncipe Real, Mouraria, and the Cais do Sodré waterfront. Co-working spaces are abundant; fibre broadband penetration is among the highest in the EU. The NHR tax regime (now reformed into the IFICI incentive scheme from 2024) has attracted a wave of high-earners, which has pushed property prices and rents to record levels — a genuine tension with long-term residents. The Golden Visa real-estate route closed in October 2023, redirecting investor interest toward funds and research activities, but the overall inflow of foreign capital has not slowed. Buyers from the US, UK, Brazil, and France remain active in the residential market. Lisbon rewards those who engage with it beyond the tourist circuit: neighbourhood markets, fado houses that are not staged for cameras, and a thriving restaurant scene rooted in seafood and pastry traditions that date back centuries.
Porto
Porto is Portugal's second city and one of Western Europe's most compelling destinations for expats, retirees, and location-independent workers. Perched above the Rio Douro in the country's north, it combines a UNESCO-listed historic core with a fast-maturing tech and creative economy — and does so at costs noticeably lower than Lisbon. A one-bedroom apartment in the city centre typically runs €800–1,100 per month, while the same in Bonfim or Cedofeita can be found for €650–900. Monthly transport passes cost around €40, a restaurant meal €10–15, and a coffee under €1.50. Port wine in the Vila Nova de Gaia lodges across the river remains, improbably, cheaper than in most European capitals. The city's weather is Atlantic rather than purely Mediterranean: summers are warm and dry (July–August averaging 26 °C) while winters are mild but genuinely rainy — Porto receives about 1,150 mm of annual rainfall, concentrated October through March. Those expecting Algarve sunshine year-round should plan accordingly, but the green, lush north rewards those who embrace it. For expats pursuing residency, Porto is fully covered by Portugal's main visa pathways. The D7 Passive Income Visa requires proof of stable income (roughly €820/month minimum for a single applicant in 2025) and can be applied for at the Portuguese Consulate in your home country. The D8 Digital Nomad Visa targets remote workers earning at least four times the Portuguese minimum wage (~€3,480/month gross). Both visas confer tax residency, opening access to Portugal's IFICI (NHR 2.0) regime — a 20% flat rate on Portuguese-source employment income and foreign-income exemptions for qualifying professions over ten years. Porto's growing startup scene and university presence (Universidade do Porto, Universidade Católica) also make the entrepreneur-track HQA Visa increasingly relevant. Public healthcare (SNS) is accessible to legal residents; Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João and Hospital de Santo António are the main public tertiary centres. Private options — CUF Porto, Lusíadas — offer shorter waits, English-speaking staff, and broad international insurance acceptance. English proficiency in Porto is high, especially among younger residents and anyone in the hospitality or tech sectors. Portuguese bureaucracy can be slow: SEF/AIMA appointment waits for residence permit issuance have historically run six to eighteen months, though the newly restructured AIMA aims to reduce backlogs. Crime is low by European standards (GPI rank 6 for Portugal nationally). Standard urban precautions apply in busy tourist zones such as the waterfront and near the cathedral at night. Porto's LGBTQ+ environment is welcoming, reflecting Portugal's progressive legal framework.
Hospitals
Hospital da Luz
Lisbon, Portugal PRT
CUF Descobertas Hospital
Lisbon, Portugal PRT
Hospital da Luz Lisboa
Lisbon, Portugal PRT
CUF Porto Hospital
Porto, Portugal PRT
Hospital CUF Tejo
Lisbon, Portugal PRT
Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa
Lisbon, Portugal PRT
Citizenship by Descent
Company Formation in Portugal
Sources & last verified
- Last verified