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Portugal

PRT

Portugal's immigration administration was restructured in 2023 with the dissolution of SEF (Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras) and the creation of AIMA (Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo), which now handles residence permits, renewals, and immigration case processing, though it has faced significant backlogs inherited from the SEF transition.

The Golden Visa program was reformed in October 2023 to eliminate real estate acquisition as a qualifying investment route, shifting eligible investment categories toward regulated investment funds, business creation/job creation, scientific research, and cultural heritage contributions. The D7 (passive income) and D8 (digital nomad) visas remain the primary non-investment residency routes and continue to be the most common paths used by remote workers and retirees relocating to Portugal.

Naturalisation
5 years
Tax system
Residence Based
Currency
Euro (EUR)
Dual citizenship
Allowed
Capital
Lisbon
Region
europe
Population
10,290,000
Cost-of-living
47 /100

Passport Rank

#6

Visa-Free

188

destinations

Visa-free travel

A Portugal passport has visa-free access to 156 destinations. See the full Portugal passport breakdown →

Community-sourced (passport-index, synced 2026-08-18) — verify with the embassy before travel.

Country Details

Capital
Lisbon
Currency
Euro (EUR)
Languages
Portuguese
Population
10,290,000
Tax System
Residence Based
Dual Citizenship
Allowed
Naturalisation
5 years
Schengen / EU
Schengen / EU
Climate
Mediterranean
English Proficiency Rank
#8

The NHR 2.0 (IFICI) regime offers a 20% flat tax on Portuguese-source income and exemptions on foreign income for 10 years for new tax residents in qualifying professions.

Indices

Cost of Living

47

Safety

82

Healthcare

75

Quality of Life

168

Tax Summary

Tax System
Residence Based
Territorial Taxation
No — worldwide income taxed for residents
Naturalisation
5 years of legal residency
Dual Citizenship
Allowed
Special Tax Regime
The NHR 2.0 (IFICI) regime offers a 20% flat tax on Portuguese-source income and exemptions on foreign income for 10 years for new tax residents in qualifying professions.

Cost of Living by City

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Monthly cost of living per major city in USD: rent, groceries, utilities, transit pass
CityRent 1BR centreRent outsideGroceriesUtilitiesTransit pass
Lisbon$1,400$950$320$110$45
Porto$1,050$720$290$100$40
Algarve (Faro)$1,100$780$300$115$35

Monthly USD figures. Typical central 1-bedroom rent, grocery basket for one, household utilities, monthly transit pass.

Climate

Lisbon

13°J
14°F
16°M
18°A
20°M
24°J
28°J
28°A
25°S
21°O
16°N
13°D

Rainfall range: 3111 mm/month · Daylight 9h (winter) to 15h (summer)

Porto

12°J
13°F
15°M
17°A
19°M
23°J
26°J
26°A
23°S
19°O
15°N
12°D

Rainfall range: 14175 mm/month · Daylight 9h (winter) to 15h (summer)

Faro

15°J
16°F
18°M
20°A
22°M
26°J
29°J
29°A
27°S
22°O
18°N
15°D

Rainfall range: 182 mm/month · Daylight 9h (winter) to 14h (summer)

Visa Categories & Immigration Authority

Major Visa Categories

  • Schengen C
  • D7 Passive Income
  • D2 Entrepreneur
  • D8 Digital Nomad
  • Golden Visa
  • Tech Visa
  • Student
  • Job Seeker
  • Family Reunification
  • Highly Qualified
Authority
AIMA (Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo)
Official Portal
aima.gov.pt
Phone
+351 21 515 8100
Email
atendimento@aima.gov.pt

Naturalisation Details

Residence Years
5
Language Test
Yes (A2)
Civic Test
No
Oath Required
Yes
Dual Allowed
Yes
Fee
$250
Processing
~24 months

Real Estate

Avg price/sqm (capital)
$5,000
Transaction taxes
8%

Foreign buyers: No restrictions on EU/non-EU buyers; Golden Visa real-estate route closed in urban areas since Oct 2023.

International Schools

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International schools by city, curriculum, and annual tuition
SchoolCityCurriculumTuition (USD/yr)
St Julian's SchoolCarcavelosBritish$12,000–$20,000
Carlucci American International School of LisbonLisbonAmerican$15,000–$25,000
Oporto British SchoolPortoBritish$9,000–$16,000

Daily Life Logistics

Internet

150 Mbps median

92% fibre coverage

eSIM: NOS, MEO, Vodafone PT

Driving

IDP not required

Exchange eligible: EU member states, UK, US (some states) +1 more

Pet Relocation

Quarantine: none

Rabies titre not required

EU pet passport: accepted

Safety

GPI Rank

#6

Global Peace Index ranking (lower is safer)

Common Risks

  • ATM skimming in tourist areas
  • taxi overcharging at Lisbon airport
  • pickpocketing on tram 28

Examples of areas to avoid: Martim Moniz late night, Mouraria periphery after midnight

LGBTQ+ Legal Status

Same-Sex Marriage
Legal
Civil Partnerships
Recognised
Anti-Discrimination Law
Yes
ILGA Rank
#4

Religious Life

Halal Food
Widely available
Kosher Food
Widely available
Prayer Facilities
Limited

Sample Citizenship Test Questions

Q1. What is the official language of Portugal?

Answer: Portuguese

Source: IRN Naturalisation Guidelines

Q2. In what year did Portugal join the European Union?

Answer: 1986

Source: IRN Naturalisation Guidelines

Q3. What is the name of Portugal's parliament?

Answer: Assembleia da República

Source: IRN Naturalisation Guidelines

Related Guides

Related on The Citizenship Desk

Cities in Portugal

Lisbon

Lisbon has become one of Europe's most sought-after bases for expats and remote workers, and the reasons are not hard to find. The city pairs a genuinely mild Atlantic climate — warm, sunny summers and short, rarely bitter winters — with a cost of living that, while rising sharply since 2019, remains below Paris, Amsterdam, or London. For English-speaking arrivals the language barrier is lower than almost anywhere else in southern Europe: younger Lisboetas and hospitality workers routinely switch to fluent English, and government agencies increasingly offer English-language support channels, though Portuguese remains essential for deeper integration and navigating bureaucracy without a local assistant. The city occupies a series of hillside neighbourhoods — bairros — tumbling down to the wide Tagus estuary, giving it a visual drama unusual among European capitals. Trams, a four-line metro, suburban rail, and a dense bus network cover most of the city, though the steep streets of historic quarters like Alfama are best navigated on foot or by the famous Elétrico 28 tram. Uber and Bolt operate freely and are cheap by northern European standards. Cycling infrastructure is improving but the hills keep it niche outside the flat riverside corridor. The expat and digital-nomad community is large and visible, concentrated in Príncipe Real, Mouraria, and the Cais do Sodré waterfront. Co-working spaces are abundant; fibre broadband penetration is among the highest in the EU. The NHR tax regime (now reformed into the IFICI incentive scheme from 2024) has attracted a wave of high-earners, which has pushed property prices and rents to record levels — a genuine tension with long-term residents. The Golden Visa real-estate route closed in October 2023, redirecting investor interest toward funds and research activities, but the overall inflow of foreign capital has not slowed. Buyers from the US, UK, Brazil, and France remain active in the residential market. Lisbon rewards those who engage with it beyond the tourist circuit: neighbourhood markets, fado houses that are not staged for cameras, and a thriving restaurant scene rooted in seafood and pastry traditions that date back centuries.

Porto

Porto is Portugal's second city and one of Western Europe's most compelling destinations for expats, retirees, and location-independent workers. Perched above the Rio Douro in the country's north, it combines a UNESCO-listed historic core with a fast-maturing tech and creative economy — and does so at costs noticeably lower than Lisbon. A one-bedroom apartment in the city centre typically runs €800–1,100 per month, while the same in Bonfim or Cedofeita can be found for €650–900. Monthly transport passes cost around €40, a restaurant meal €10–15, and a coffee under €1.50. Port wine in the Vila Nova de Gaia lodges across the river remains, improbably, cheaper than in most European capitals. The city's weather is Atlantic rather than purely Mediterranean: summers are warm and dry (July–August averaging 26 °C) while winters are mild but genuinely rainy — Porto receives about 1,150 mm of annual rainfall, concentrated October through March. Those expecting Algarve sunshine year-round should plan accordingly, but the green, lush north rewards those who embrace it. For expats pursuing residency, Porto is fully covered by Portugal's main visa pathways. The D7 Passive Income Visa requires proof of stable income (roughly €820/month minimum for a single applicant in 2025) and can be applied for at the Portuguese Consulate in your home country. The D8 Digital Nomad Visa targets remote workers earning at least four times the Portuguese minimum wage (~€3,480/month gross). Both visas confer tax residency, opening access to Portugal's IFICI (NHR 2.0) regime — a 20% flat rate on Portuguese-source employment income and foreign-income exemptions for qualifying professions over ten years. Porto's growing startup scene and university presence (Universidade do Porto, Universidade Católica) also make the entrepreneur-track HQA Visa increasingly relevant. Public healthcare (SNS) is accessible to legal residents; Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João and Hospital de Santo António are the main public tertiary centres. Private options — CUF Porto, Lusíadas — offer shorter waits, English-speaking staff, and broad international insurance acceptance. English proficiency in Porto is high, especially among younger residents and anyone in the hospitality or tech sectors. Portuguese bureaucracy can be slow: SEF/AIMA appointment waits for residence permit issuance have historically run six to eighteen months, though the newly restructured AIMA aims to reduce backlogs. Crime is low by European standards (GPI rank 6 for Portugal nationally). Standard urban precautions apply in busy tourist zones such as the waterfront and near the cathedral at night. Porto's LGBTQ+ environment is welcoming, reflecting Portugal's progressive legal framework.

Company Formation in Portugal

Sources & last verified

  • Last verified