Citizenship by Descent
Citizenship by descent (jure sanguinis) programs recognise nationality based on ancestry. Requirements vary significantly by country — some have no generational limit, others stop at grandparents.
Italian Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)
Italy
Est. Cost
$2,000– $15,000
Processing
6–48mo
Verified 2026-07-25
Irish Citizenship by Descent / Foreign Births Registration
Ireland
Est. Cost
$500– $3,000
Processing
12–36mo
Verified 2026-07-07
German Citizenship by Descent (§ 4 StAG / Restoration under Art. 116 GG)
Germany
Est. Cost
$500– $8,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-04-20
Polish Citizenship by Descent (Confirmation of Polish Citizenship)
Poland
Est. Cost
$1,000– $8,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Hungarian Citizenship by Descent / Simplified Naturalization
Hungary
Est. Cost
$500– $5,000
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Portuguese Citizenship for Sephardic Jewish Descendants
Portugal
Est. Cost
$5,000– $25,000
Processing
12–48mo
Verified 2026-04-20
Spanish Citizenship for Sephardic Jewish Descendants
Spain
Est. Cost
$3,000– $15,000
Processing
12–48mo
Verified 2026-04-20
UK Ancestry Visa / British National (Overseas) — BN(O)
United Kingdom
Est. Cost
$1,500– $8,000
Processing
3–60mo
Verified 2026-04-20
Greek Citizenship by Descent / Registration of Homogeneis
Greece
Est. Cost
$1,000– $6,000
Processing
6–36mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Lithuanian Citizenship by Descent (Restoration of Citizenship)
Lithuania
Est. Cost
$500– $5,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Croatian Citizenship by Descent / Origin
Croatia
Est. Cost
$800– $6,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Bulgarian Citizenship by Origin (Repatriation)
Bulgaria
Est. Cost
$600– $5,000
Processing
12–36mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Mexican Citizenship by Descent (Article 30 §II Constitution)
Mexico
Est. Cost
$200– $1,500
Processing
3–12mo
Verified 2026-04-26
Overseas Citizen of India (OCI)
India
Est. Cost
$350– $2,500
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-04-26
Philippine Citizenship Reacquisition (RA 9225)
Philippines
Est. Cost
$200– $1,500
Processing
1–6mo
Verified 2026-04-26
Slovak Citizenship by Descent (Living Abroad Slovak Act)
Slovakia
Est. Cost
$800– $4,500
Processing
12–30mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Armenian Citizenship by Origin (Law of Return)
Armenia
Est. Cost
$300– $2,500
Processing
3–12mo
Verified 2026-04-26
Albanian Citizenship by Origin
Albania
Est. Cost
$300– $2,000
Processing
6–18mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Ukrainian Citizenship by Origin / Repatriation
Ukraine
Est. Cost
$500– $4,500
Processing
12–36mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Romanian Citizenship by Descent / Reacquisition (Article 11)
Romania
Est. Cost
$400– $3,500
Processing
12–36mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Czech Citizenship Reacquisition / Declaration
Czech Republic
Est. Cost
$400– $3,000
Processing
6–18mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Israeli Citizenship under the Law of Return (Aliyah)
Israel
Est. Cost
$500– $5,000
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Austrian Citizenship by Descent (§58c Victims of National Socialism + §10 Jus Sanguinis)
Austria
Est. Cost
$200– $1,200
Processing
12–36mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Belgian Citizenship by Descent
Belgium
Est. Cost
$300– $3,000
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Swiss Citizenship by Descent
Switzerland
Est. Cost
$300– $1,200
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Luxembourgish Citizenship by Descent
Luxembourg
Est. Cost
$300– $3,500
Processing
4–10mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Norwegian Citizenship by Descent
Norway
Est. Cost
$300– $640
Processing
6–30mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Swedish Citizenship by Descent
Sweden
Est. Cost
$150– $500
Processing
6–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Danish Citizenship by Descent
Denmark
Est. Cost
$100– $600
Processing
3–12mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Finnish Citizenship by Descent
Finland
Est. Cost
$0– $500
Processing
2–12mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Icelandic Citizenship by Descent
Iceland
Est. Cost
$80– $300
Processing
3–12mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Serbian Citizenship by Descent (Article 23 + Jus Sanguinis)
Serbia
Est. Cost
$300– $1,200
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-07-07
North Macedonian Citizenship by Descent
North Macedonia
Est. Cost
$800– $5,000
Processing
3–12mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Sri Lankan Citizenship by Descent
Sri Lanka
Est. Cost
$50– $2,000
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Slovenian Citizenship by Descent
Slovenia
Est. Cost
$300– $1,200
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Taiwanese (ROC) Citizenship by Descent
Taiwan
Est. Cost
$200– $2,000
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Vietnamese Citizenship Restoration for Overseas Vietnamese
Vietnam
Est. Cost
$150– $800
Processing
3–9mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Cambodian Citizenship by Descent (Article 4, Law on Nationality 1996)
Cambodia
Est. Cost
$200– $1,500
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Mauritian Citizenship by Descent
Mauritius
Est. Cost
$100– $400
Processing
1–12mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizenship by Descent
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Est. Cost
$500– $3,500
Processing
3–18mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Montenegrin Citizenship by Descent
Montenegro
Est. Cost
$500– $3,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Sammarinese Citizenship by Descent
San Marino
Est. Cost
$1,500– $8,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-06-01
Argentine Citizenship by Descent (Opción de Nacionalidad) & Ancestry-Based Naturalization
Argentina
Est. Cost
$300– $4,500
Processing
8–30mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Brazilian Citizenship by Descent (Consular Registration & Opção de Nacionalidade)
Brazil
Est. Cost
$400– $6,000
Processing
4–36mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Chilean Citizenship by Descent (Article 10 No. 2, Post-2005 Constitutional Reform)
Chile
Est. Cost
$300– $3,000
Processing
4–18mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Latvian Citizenship Restoration for Descendants of Pre-1940 Citizens
Latvia
Est. Cost
$500– $5,000
Processing
6–30mo
Verified 2026-07-07
German Naturalization Abroad under StAG § 14 (Discretionary, Special Ties to Germany)
Germany
Est. Cost
$800– $6,000
Processing
12–48mo
Verified 2026-07-07
German Citizenship Restoration under StAG § 15 (Nazi-Era Persecution Descendants)
Germany
Est. Cost
$200– $3,000
Processing
6–24mo
Verified 2026-07-07
Turkish Citizenship by Descent (Article 43)
Turkey
Est. Cost
$2,000– $8,000
Processing
9–24mo
Verified 2026-07-07
French Citizenship by Descent (Jus Sanguinis via a French Parent)
France
Est. Cost
$300– $8,000
Processing
3–24mo
Verified 2026-07-24