Language Test (for naturalisation or residency)

A standardised foreign-language test required by many naturalisation and long-term-residency routes. Usually assessed against the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR): A1 (elementary), A2, B1 (intermediate), B2, C1, C2 (proficient). Typical thresholds: German naturalisation B1, Netherlands A2, Portugal A2, Spain A2, Italy B1, France B1, UK B1 English. Most tests combine reading, listening, speaking, and writing sections and are delivered by official providers (Goethe-Institut for German, Instituto Cervantes DELE for Spanish, CELPE-Bras for Portuguese, Alliance Française DELF/DALF for French, IELTS/TOEFL/B1 English Test for UK). Age and medical exemptions exist in many jurisdictions.