Zambia

Zambia is a landlocked southern-central African nation whose economy is anchored by one of the world's largest copper reserves, with the Copperbelt province accounting for the bulk of export earnings. Successive peaceful elections since multiparty democracy was restored in 1991 — including the 2021 transfer of power to President Hakainde Hichilema — place Zambia among the continent's more stable democracies. English is the official language and is widely used in business and government. Lusaka is a fast-growing capital with improving infrastructure and a growing middle class. The kwacha has historically been volatile, tracking copper prices and external debt cycles. Foreign investors are active in mining, agriculture, and renewable energy. Naturalisation requires ten years of lawful residence and dual citizenship is not recognised. There is no citizenship-by-investment programme.