Togo

Togo is a narrow West African nation bordering Ghana, Benin, and Burkina Faso, with its commercial hub in the coastal capital Lomé. The country uses the CFA franc shared across the WAEMU economic zone, providing currency stability tied to the euro. Togo allows dual citizenship and grants nationality by descent through either parent. Naturalisation requires five years of continuous legal residence. Income tax is residence-based and levied on a progressive scale up to 45%. The cost of living is among the lowest in the region, though infrastructure, healthcare, and institutional quality remain limited. Political stability has improved since constitutional reforms in 2019, though civil liberties watchdogs note ongoing restrictions on opposition activity.