Mali

Mali is a landlocked West African state governed by a military-led transitional authority following coups in August 2020 and May 2021. Colonel Assimi Goïta serves as transitional president. Mali has withdrawn from ECOWAS (effective January 2025 alongside Burkina Faso and Niger) and terminated French military cooperation, pivoting toward Russian security partners. A long-running jihadist insurgency in the north and centre continues to displace millions and restricts overland movement. The economy depends on gold mining and subsistence agriculture; GDP per capita is among Africa's lowest. The CFA franc provides nominal monetary stability. No investment-residency or digital-nomad visa pathway exists. Naturalisation requires 10 years of lawful residence and renunciation of prior nationality.