Iraq

Iraq is a federal republic in Western Asia bordered by Iran, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. The country holds the world's fifth-largest proven oil reserves, which underpin a state-dominated economy. Baghdad, the capital, has seen significant reconstruction since the height of sectarian conflict in the mid-2000s, though security conditions remain uneven; the Kurdistan Region in the north is considerably more stable and attracts modest foreign investment. The Iraqi passport offers limited visa-free access, and dual citizenship is generally not recognised in law. Residency pathways for foreigners are narrowly defined and seldom pursued outside of employment or family contexts. US, UK, and EU travel advisories recommend heightened caution across most of the country and advise against travel to areas with ongoing insurgent or militia activity.