Eswatini

Eswatini is a small, landlocked absolute monarchy in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa and Mozambique. Formerly known as Swaziland, it was renamed in 2018 to reflect its pre-colonial identity. The country's economy relies heavily on agriculture, textile exports, and remittances, with the South African rand accepted alongside the lilangeni under a currency peg. Its HIV prevalence rate is among the highest globally, placing pressure on the public healthcare system. Political parties are banned under the 1973 royal decree; King Mswati III holds executive authority. The highland Ezulwini Valley and Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary attract regional ecotourism. There is no formal residency-by-investment programme, dual citizenship is not recognised, and naturalisation requires five years of lawful residence alongside good character and language criteria.